The Connection Between Law And Morality - 1718 Words

II. WHAT IS MORALITY? â€Å"Law would not be really imperative, we know, unless behind the sword of the magistrate, the bulk of mankind felt the weight of social obligation, the irresistible burden of custom, of immemorial tradition, and the like, a social, and even a religious sanctity. The connection of law and morality has been much discussed ever since the revival of the scientific study of jurisprudence, but the question is not yet, and perhaps never will be, settled. Every variety of opinion has been entertained, from the extreme doctrine held that law is absolutely independent of morality, almost to the opposite position that morality and law are one. The popular conception of the connection between law and morality is that in some way the law exists to promote morality, to preserve those conditions which make the moral life possible, and thus to enable men to lead sober and industrious lives. Morality is a value-impregnated concept relating to certain normative patterns w hich aim at the augmentation of good and reduction of evil on individual and social life. The sphere of morality denotes rules or principles governing human behaviour which apply universally within a community or class. Morality is made up of actual standards which are adopted in the life of any particular community. Positive morality, like law therefore, emphasizes conduct rather than states of mind; it is similar to law in that it is imposed on individual for it has behind it the effectiveShow MoreRelatedLaw And Morality From The View Of Natural Law Theorists And Legal Positivists Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesLaw and morality can be defined by the interpretation of the individual who is referring to it. If the natural law theorists interpret the connection between law and morality a certain way then legal positivists will interpret it another way. So this means that they will never have the exact same view, it could be slightly similar but never the same. Every philosopher, n o matter if they are a natural law theorist or a legal positivist theorist they will think what they want to believe because theyRead MorePositivist Theories Of Law And Morality1660 Words   |  7 PagesPositivist theories of law can be described as â€Å"those who understand the law to be a particular sort of social ordering, a certain kind of social technology by which individuals who live together can coordinate their behaviour and resolve disputes.† Positivist theories also state that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and rejects the idea of a higher law. Classical legal positivism was first founded by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). Bentham’s aim was to provide an alternativeRead MoreThe Natural Law Theory And Legal Positivism1698 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives are known as the Natural Law theory and Legal Positivism. Natural law theorists claim that morality and law A significant debate on this topic was stimulated by Wolfenden Report 1957 in England which led to the famous debate between H.L.A Hart and Lord Devlin . The report is about the recommendation of legalising homosexuality and prostitution as law should not intervene within everyone’s private lives. This view was supported by Hart as he believed that the law should not enforce moral codesRead MoreThe Case Of The Speluncean Explorers1544 Words   |  7 PagesSpeluncean Explorers, written by Lon Luvious Fuller, comprises of a robust statutory interpretation discussion between natural law and legal positivism. In the context of natural law, naturalist follows that there is an obligatory connection between morality and the law. To put it simply, there is a moral obligation to ascertain the legal cogency of the law. In this case, Foster J follows a natural law approach as he believes that the conviction of each of the defendants should be set aside on the premiseRead MoreJurisprudence- Critical Discussion of the Speluncean Explorers1044 Words   |  5 Pagespositivist, the law is unambiguous and direct. Firstly what is positivism? According to positivism, there is nothing intrinsically moral about the law. A law enacted by a legislature can be evil and immoral; there is no fundamental connection between the two. Whether what they did was right or wrong is not a matter for a judge. A judge is educated and skilled to discern legality from morality. According to John Austin, legal positivism is the actual continuation and content of the law depending onRead MoreReligion Is The Best Perspective Of Morality And Ethical Decisions947 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluential in what laws are adapted in countries. Rather we think so or not, law and religion go hand and hand in many ways. Our morals let us decide what is right or wrong, and many moral beliefs are based on that adapted set of commands taught to us in a specific religion. These morals are universal at times. Religion provides a strong basis to what is morally permissible to the human race. Many beliefs are similar in multiple cultural and religious groups. The s ystem of laws created to containRead MoreShould Law Improve Morality? Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Should law improve morality?† Leslie Green argues, firstly, that law is capable of having causal impact on the nature of social morality and, secondly, that one of the functions of law should be the betterment of morality. In maintaining that the law ought to be intimately connected to morality, it appears as though Green is advocating for a modern version of the natural law perspective. After first giving an account of natural law, this paper will explicate Green s distinction between â€Å"ideal†Read MoreReligious Education1705 Words   |  7 Pagesbasing religion on morality a good idea? Is basing religion on morality a good idea? Many people agree although some atheists may disagree. One common complaint about secularism is that religion and belief in God are fundamentals for morality, justice, and a democratic society. The basic premise here is that the only values which ultimately matter are those which are transcendent, and such values can only be perceived and understood through religious tradition and a connection with the divine. Read MoreThe Ethical Philosophy Of Immanuel Kant1532 Words   |  7 Pagesor circumstance. For Kant, this was an absolute moral law that stands as do X objectively as you are obligated to. The Categorical Imperative must be known a priori, meaning knowledge that is independent of experience or justification. However, judgement itself cannot be analytic, as the concept of a rational agent is not itself comprised in the content. A proposition must be synthetic a priori in order to be the supreme principle of morality, this, claimed Kant was the Categorical Imperative. ComprisingRead MoreSecular Morality and Religious Morality Inadve rtently Influenced One Another 954 Words   |  4 Pagessecular morality, religion plays such a hegemonic role that, in many instances, secular morality is inadvertently influenced by religious morality. It could even be said that religious morality is greatly influenced by secular morals and not the other way around. While it would be difficult to assess the genealogy of morality it would be safe to say that morality has a very strong connection with religious morality. Moreover, to evade the almost omnipresent influence of religious morality would

Film And The Band Played On By Roger Spottiswoode Essay

What are the major theme(s) of the film? Hint use the concepts presented in class to guide your answer. Provide examples to demonstrate meaning. (6 marks) In the film And the Band Played On by Roger Spottiswoode, the major themes revealed throughout the film is the lack of participation from the governments behalf on this epidemic, divisional of private and public sectors and medical dominance between medical researchers. In this epidemic outbreak the government showed a lack of insensitivity towards the CDC when they wanted a way to test the blood that was being donated but the government felt as it was not cost-efficient (And the Brand Played On, 1993). This prevented the CDC from coming to conclusions that this virus AIDs may have been transmitted between homosexual men at bathhouses but it was spreading because of blood transfusion. The government emphasized that publicly ran services such as blood banks initiated the President to reduce the money that was for public health and raise the money for the Department of Defense to help with the control of the virus (And the Band Played On, 1993). This defined and demonstrated that more emphasis is taking regarding public sectors such as blood banks compared to private sectors such as bathhouses. Theories and evidences pointed towards gay bathhouses that this virus was being transmitted there in saunas where sexual interaction was taking place between men. Since this outbreak occurred, the future of bathhouses was jeopardizedShow MoreRelatedFilm And The Band Played On By Director Roger Spottiswoode2238 Words   |  9 Pagesdocumentary-film And the Band Played On (1993), director Roger Spottiswoode effectively showcased all three factors. The film is a chronological story of the AIDS epidemic from the 1980s. The story of the epidemic garners attention when gay men in both the west and east coast of the U.S. develop this mysterious disease in large numbers. Scientists at the Center for Disease Control and private labs fiercely work toward understanding the disease and trying to come up with a solution. The film is an epidemiologicalRead MoreThe Band Played On Film Directed By Roger Spottiswoode848 Words   |  4 Pages And the Band Played On [1] is a 1993 Drama-Television film directed by Roger Spottiswoode about the early research of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980 s. The film portrays how powerful a society s view has on a group when homosexuals suffer prejudice by society and view them as the cause of a new disease. The film greatly focuses on Dr. Don Francis, who previously contained the Ebola fever to prevent it from continuously spreading, as he joins the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to investigateRead MoreThe Band Played On By Randy Shilts1777 Words   |  8 PagesThe film And the band played on is a screen adaption of the book and the band played on by Randy Shilts done by Roger Spottiswoode. This screen adaption is a story of epidemic that had medical researchers scrabbling to understand the horrifying and mysterious new disease of AIDS that sored across the United States of America. This story takes place during the initial 5 years of the breakout from 1980 to 1985. 1. What are the major theme(s) of the film? Hint use the concepts presented in class toRead More The Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Band Played On4180 Words   |  17 PagesThe Importance of Roger Spottiswoode’s Screen Adaptation of And The Band Played On [1] Hollywood is no longer just a name, it is a business, a living entity holding America’s people in its grasp, and it is not about to let them go. Gradually taking on more responsibility and trying to build up its reputation over the years, Hollywood has progressively assumed the position of history-teller for the American public. This role, whether or not an appropriate one for an industry such as HollywoodRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesFILM LANGUAGE FILM LANGUAGE A Semiotics of the Cinema Christian Metz Translated by Michael Taylor The University of Chicago Press Published by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637  © 1974 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. English translation. Originally published 1974 Note on Translation  © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswithin the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked roles they played in politics, particularly those associated with resistance movements, and their contributions to arts and letters worldwide. Drawing on the essay collections and series on women in world history that she has edited over the past decade, Smith’s

Problems Associated With Lack Of Sanitation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Problems Associated With Lack Of Sanitation. Answer: Sanitation can be explained as the way of promoting and maintaining hygiene, by preventing an individual from direct contact with waste materials mainly faeces, by properly treating and disposing the waste materials. The wastes can be biological or chemical agents, including human excreta, which cause serious health problems if it comes in direct contact with the individual (Garriga Foguet, 2013). The essay highlights the problems which are associated with the lack of sanitation in several countries. It is still a major issue in many developing countries. Majority of the people have no access to toilets, even if they have those are not hygienic, which creates serious health issues. Approximately, over 2.4 billion people still lack improved and proper sanitation facilities. The essay throws light on the current scenario of the sanitation facilities, the problems associated with it and how it can be curbed. It also includes some major steps that should be undertaken to eradicate this menace from the world as fast as possible. According to the UNICEF Executive Director, about 40% population of the world still lack accessibility to proper and improved toilets. Absence of proper sanitation causes serious health, environmental and social problems especially to the children. It leads to water borne diseases, intestinal infections, stunted growth in children, malnutrition, anemia, cholera, malaria, diarrhea and several others (Unicef.org. 2017). Proper sanitation and washing hands with soap helps in preventing the transfer of several bacteria and parasites. Wastes like human excreta, industrial, agricultural and others, contaminate with water and soil causing several fatal diseases. Diarrhea is one of the major fatal diseases, which can cause death to many, especially children, in the developing countries. Urinating openly can cause several diseases which can transmit from person to person by contaminating soil, water and food (Briceo, Coville, Martinez, 2015). Imparting education related to proper sanitation system is very important. Schools play a very important role in this, by initiating and adopting proper measures on health and hygiene. Institutions should promote and encourage the students in using clean toilets and washing their hands after urinating (World Health Organization. 2017). Teachers can be a role model in this by imparting education on sanitation, not only to the students but also to the community. Some schools lack clean and poor sanitation facilities as well as safe drinking water which contributes to high dropout rates and absenteeism. It is important to educate people about proper sanitation system and the consequences of poor facilities. Several campaigns must be organized, especially in rural areas to educate people regarding this (Sommer, Caruso, 2015). In many places, especially in developing countries, many rural people still lack access to the basic needs such as proper food, drinking water, shelter, clothing, health and education. They dont feel the need of building toilets due to lack of education and money. The Ebola crisis in the West Africa was due to lack of proper sanitation and hygiene, which was a tragic crisis as it infected many. Government must undertake projects to build public toilets, especially in rural areas, where people can access it for free. Public toilets must be cleaned on a regular basis in order to prevent contaminated diseases (World Health Organization. 2015). Mainly women and girls have to bear the burden of poor sanitation facilities. It raises questions on their safety and security. They feel ashamed and lose their dignity, while urinating openly. Firstly, in many places, women and girls can defecate only in the day time, if they dont have a toilet in their homes. After dark, they are not allowed to defecate, which can result in serious health problems and illness. This is because there is a probability of harassment in the night time, while going to the defecation fields (Unicef.org. 2017). Secondly, many schools lack safe, clean and separate toilets for girls which is one of the major factors which forces them to leave school. Moreover, lack of washing facilities also causes health hazards for them, especially when they menstruate. Thirdly, it greatly effects pregnant women and causes genital infections when they defecate openly. Fourthly, many children get sick through direct contact with the excreta, which litter their surroundings. Taking care of the sick children increases the pressure of women as they are already loaded with other works (Jewitt Ryley, 2014). The wastes get directly disposed to the fields which causes great problem to the environment. The quality of the soil degrades resulting in land pollution, causing harm to many plants and crops. Several wastes make the environment dirty and smelly (Unicef.org. 2017). The infectious germs in air can affect anyone, causing several respiratory problems and air pollution. Moreover, water gets contaminated which gives rise to water borne diseases. It also harms aquatic plants and animals, causing water pollution, as the industrial and agricultural wastes flow to the water bodies (Castro, 2012). There are several steps that need to be adopted urgently in order to prevent such issues. Firstly, government should undertake projects of building more and more clean and free public toilets. Secondly, campaigns should be organized, especially in the rural areas, to educate them in undertaking proper sanitation measures, which include washing hands. Free soaps should be given to the rural people (Sommer Sahin, 2013). Thirdly, schools should have clean drinking water facilities and separate toilets for girls, in order to provide them security. People living at places with no or less number of toilets, should be encouraged to use the schools washrooms (Bartram et al., 2005). Fourthly, free education on sanitation must be given at every schools and communities in order to aware people of the consequences. Lastly, clean portable and mobile public toilets must be in every place, where people have less or no accessibility to proper sanitation facilities (Who.int. 2017). To conclude, sanitation is a major issue in any developing country. It not only harms an individual or a community, but also causes great damage to the environment and animals. Proper measures and sanitation facilities must be adopted, in order to prevent fatal diseases. People must have the basic right to use public toilets as lack of sanitation threatens their life. Several organizations hold campaign to promote good sanitation facilities and safe drinking water to everyone. At many places, due to lack of education, people dont use public toilets and prefer defecating openly. This should be taken care of by imparting education to them. It is important to work hand in hand in eradicating this menace from the world. References Bartram, J., Lewis, K., Lenton, R. Wright, A. (2005). Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health. The Lancet. 365(9461): 810-812. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673605179914 [Accessed 15 July 2017]. Briceo, B., Coville, A., Martinez, S. (2015). Promoting handwashing and sanitation: evidence from a large-scale randomized trial in rural Tanzania. Castro, J. E. (2012).Water and sanitation services: public policy and management. Earthscan. Garriga, R. G., Foguet, A. P. (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene and rural poverty: issues of sector monitoring and the role of aggregated indicators.Water Policy,15(6), 1018-1045. Jewitt, S., Ryley, H. (2014). Itsa girl thing: Menstruation, school attendance, spatial mobility and wider gender inequalities in Kenya.Geoforum,56, 137-147. Sommer, M. Caruso, B. (2015). Gender equality comes one toilet at a time. The Conversation. 15 November 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://theconversation.com/gender-equality-comes-one-toilet-at-a-time-50700 [Accessed 15 July 2017]. Sommer, M., Sahin, M. (2013). Overcoming the taboo: advancing the global agenda for menstrual hygienemanagement for schoolgirls.American journal of public health,103(9), 1556-1559. Unicef.org. (2017).WASH and Women.UNICEF. Retrieved 10 August 2017, from https://www.unicef.org/wash/index_womenandgirls.html Unicef.org. (2017).Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools.UNICEF. Retrieved 10 August 2017, from https://www.unicef.org/wash/index_schools.html Who.int. (2017).WHO | Poor sanitation threatens public health management.Who.int. Retrieved 10 August 2017, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2008/pr08/en/ World Health Organisation. (2017). Sanitation. [Online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs392/en/ [Accessed 15 July 2017] World Health Organization. (2015).Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment. World Health Organization.